质量(Quality)(3)
停止依赖检验来改进品质;一开始就把品质建置进产品里,就可无须依赖大量检验。
(Cease dependence on inspection to improve quality. Eliminate the need for inspection on a mass basis by building quality into the product in the first place.)
释义:让设计者做出坚耐性设计,由生产者负责品质,慎选物料供货商,做好源流管理,就可无须依赖检验。
质量(Quality)(4)
好品质不一定就该是高品质,好品质意指在适应市场低成本条件下,一致性与可恃性之可预测程度。
(Good quality does not necessarily mean high quality .It means a predictable degree of uniformity and dependability at low cost suited to the market)
释义:要以符合顾客需要,来定义品质。它的好与不好,是由市场的需要来判定。一般说来,顾客要的是均质可靠且可预测性高的产品。麦当劳的产品就具有此特色。
采购(procurement)(1)
停止依价格为基础的决标方式。代之以最低总成本。朝向任何一项产品,都向单一供货商采购,与他们建立长期的忠诚与信任关系。
(End the practice of awarding business on the basis of price tag. Instead, minimize total cost. Move toward a single supplier of any one item, on a long-term relationship of loyalty and trust.)
释义:低价决标未必能得到最佳品质的产品,产品好坏除品质外,尚包括可靠度在内,故需以产品寿命周期的总成本来衡量。单一产品向单一供货商采购,是信赖其专业能力,与考虑降低采购成本所致。
采购(procurement)(2)
1950年学来的日式管理—进料改进的最好方法是将每一供货商视为工作伙伴,秉持长期忠诚与信任的关系与他一起工作。
(Japanese management learned in 1950…that The best solution to improvement of incoming materials is to make a partner of every vendor, and to Work together with him on a long-term relationship of loyalty and trust.)
释义:要把供货商纳入生产体系,视他们为制造部门之一。
采购(procurement)(3)
与你的供货商一起工作以改进其进料的品质,与他建立长期的关系,使他从事持续改进,使品质越来越好,成本越来越低,达到双赢的目的。
(Work with your vendor to improve his incoming quality. Establish a long-term relationship with him for continual improvement, ever better and better quality, with lower and lower costs. Both you and he will win.)
释义:要将供货商纳入为顾客提供良好产品的系统之内,视它们为第三制造部,通力合作以求双赢。
责任(Responsibility)(1)
解雇员工造成大量失业,不再为社会所接受;失去市场和导致失业并非宿命;它们不是不可避免的,它们是人为的。
(It is no longer socially acceptable to dump employees on to the heap of unemployment. Loss of market and resulting unemployment are not foreordained. They are no inevitable. They are man-made.)
释义:照顾员工使他们生活无虞,是经营者应尽的社会责任之一,故经营者须具备深厚的经营知识,以免犯错。
责任(Responsibility)(2)
在美国最大的浪费就是未使人尽其才。一个人只要听听与生产工人开会的录音带,便可得知他们的挫折感以及有关他们急切要做的贡献。尽管我们学界的批判,任何只要看到大部分生产工人所具有的表达能力,都会留下深刻印象。
(The greatest waste in America is failure to use the abilities of people. One need only listen to a tape of a meeting with production workers to learn about their frustrations and about the contribution that they are eager to make. Anyone would be impressed to observe how articulate most production workers are, in spite of criticisms of our schools.)
释义:美国品质与生产力之低落,错不在生产工人,而在企业经营者未能倾听员工心声,与善尽用人之责。
统计(Statistics)(1)
这个国家几乎每天都有以生产力为主题的研讨会,大部分与生产力的小技巧及量测法有关,如Willuam E. Conway所说,生产力的量测就好比意外事件统计,告诉你有问题存在,但对意外事件却冷眼以对,不谋解决。「转危为安」一书即企图改进生产力,而不只是量测它
(There are conferences almost any day in this country on the subject of productivity, mostly concerned with gadgets and measures of productivity. As William E. Conway said, measurements of productivity are like accident statistics. They tell you that there is a problem, but they don’t do anything about accidents. This book [Out Of the Crisis] is an attempt to improve productivity. Not just to measure it.)
释义:美国企业太过重视问题的技术面,而忽视管理面,须知不当的管理理念与作为,是造成问题的元凶,「转危为安」一书是为协助美国企业经营者观念转变而写的。
统计(Statistics)(2)
把统计的原则与技术应用在生产的各个阶段,能直接以经济方式制造出有用且有市场的产品。
(The application of statistical principles and techniques in all stages of production directed toward the economic manufacture of a product that is useful and has a market.)
释义:生产各阶段包括进料、制造、检验、储存、包装、交运均可应用统计原则与技术以提升品质。
统计(Statistics)(3)
当制程不再受特殊原因之干扰,便是在统计的管制之下,在统计管制下的制程表现是可预测的。
(A process is in statistical control when it is no longer afflicted with special causes. The performance of a process that is in statistical control is predictable. )
释义:在统计管制下的制程,变异呈随机状态,故可预测。
统计(Statistics)(4)
一位专业的统计人员,不会遵从那些无法自圆其说的方法,来取悦某些人,也无法依此方法进行推论。他重视自己的名声与专业,更胜于轻易去同意某些不能由统计理论保证的说法……,如果他处理某件案子时有所偏颇不公,则他的专家事业将会破灭。「身为一个统计人员,我不能漫不经心。」这是面对法律案件或做任何其它报告时正确的态度。
(A professional statistician will not follow methods that are indefensible, merely to please someone, nor to support inferences based on such methods. He ranks his own name and profession as more important than convenient assent to interpretations not warranted by statistical theory…. His career as an expert witness will shatter in shipwreck if he indicates concern over which side of the case the results seem to favor. “As a statistician, I couldn’t care less,” is the right attitude in a legal case, or in any other report.)
释义:统计学家必须遵从统计理论与方法导出符合原则的结论,不可恣意玩弄数字以致被讥为最差的谎言,是识者所不取的。
统计(Statistics)(5)
大多数统计人员会想起过去非正式的的建言受到暗地中伤的事例。在任何专业都有相同的情形。一个执业中且有客户的统计人员,想做好人却在不利的环境下提供建言,不论他是有意还是无意。他终会发现自己要对此建言负责。
(Most statisticians can recall instances in which informal advice backfired. It is the same in any professional line. A statistician that tries to be a good fellow and give advice under adverse circumstances is in practice and has a client, whether he intended it or not; And he will later on find himself accountable for the advice.)
释义:统计人员运用统计方法所得之信息向客户建言,需对其负责。
转变(Transformation)(1)
任何寻求转变的管理者必须长期致力于是吸收新知识和新理念。胆怯的、优柔的、以及期待速成的人,注定要失望。
(Long-tem commitment to new learning and new philosophy is required of any management that seeks transformation. The timid and the fainthearted, and people that expect quick results, are doomed to disappointment.)
释义:新理念与新知识,是应付新环境变迁所必备的,欲求革故鼎新,突破现状的管理者们,需时时注意吸取新知,并先从改变自己开始。不这么做,必定会失败。
转变(Transformation)(2)
将公司里每一个人纳入完成转变的工作,转变是每个人的事。
(Put everybody in the company to work to accomplish the transformation. The transformation is everybody’s job.)
释义:鼓励人人学习,用新理念、新方法、新技术/工具做事。
变异(Variation)(1)
有些领导者忘记一项重要的数学定理,假若有二十人从事某项工作,无论如何,将会有两人落在百分之十以下;正如推翻重力律和自然律非常不易。重点不在下百分之十,而是谁在统计界线之外,谁需要帮助?
(Some leaders forget an important mathematical theorem that if 20 people are engaged on a job, 2 will fall in the bottom ten percent, no matter what. It is difficult to overthrow the law of gravitation and the laws of nature. The important problem is not the bottom 10 percent, but who is statistically out of line and in need of help.)
释义:管理者要把重点放在逸出管制界线的作业员之表现,它是出现问题之警讯,需要采取措施以消除其肇因。
变异(Variation)(2)
有数以千计的人明白在管制界限内调查起伏状况会造成麻烦、增加变异、导致严重的损失。这群同样的人忘记了他们在工厂现场(当他们去那里时)所学到的基本科学原则,它同样可以运用在人的身上,人是任何公司中最重要的资产。
(Thousands of people understand that |